So, for raw Gaming performance. Your current system is not really doing well. The FX series AMD chips have not aged well, even with the multi-threading craze happening in gaming. If you were to upgrade, you would need to upgrade the entire system. And currently there's 2 routes that make the most sense when you want to upgrade.
If you plan on doing anything outside of Gaming such as CAD, Photoshop, Video Editing, Streaming, etc. Then Ryzen is your best bet. It outperforms Intel's offerings for less money, and their cheaper B350 motherboards are even capable of Overclocking ANY Ryzen chip, even the low tier Ryzen 3 1200. However, the best bang for the buck on Ryzen is between the Ryzen 5 1600X, or the Ryzen 7 1700. The Ryzen 5 offering is a 6c/12t chip that can do light-weight streaming (720p/60fps on a lower quality preset in OBS) while gaming at a fairly cheap price. The Ryzen 7 on the other hand can do 1080p/60fps streaming, or even the previously mentioned 720p/60fps at really good quality.
On the other side, you have the behemoths in Gaming the Intel Core i5-8600k and Intel Core i7-8700k. Both of these chips are absolute gaming juggernauts. And have Core and Thread counts plus Speeds that make Ryzen want to run and cry in a corner. The i5 is a 6 Core non-Hyperthreaded chip that makes it the first mainstream Intel Core series chip to have more than 4 cores. This makes it a relatively capable Streaming chip, and can even make it compete in the Photoshop and Video Editing scene. The same can be said for the i7, except it has another 6 threads making it an absolute beast for multithreaded workloads with it's incredible speeds. Plus, both of these chips are capable of 5ghz with a few modifications (delidding, high-end Liquid Metal Thermal paste, a good Liquid Cooler) which make them the absolute best chips for raw gaming.
So, what about Graphics Cards? Well, AMD's Vega chips were pretty much a flop from the start. The only one that makes remote sense to buy is the Vega 56, and it's only marginally better than the GTX 1070 in most games. And the 1070Ti is just a step ahead of the V56. So, I wouldn't look into any Vega cards until AMD can refine them next year. The only place i'd look for a good GPU is with Nvidia. And depending on the resolution, you can get away with a few different cards. If you are looking for good Medium/High 1080p Gaming, the 1060 6GB is a great choice. The 1070 crushes Ultra and 144 FPS in most if not all AAA titles in 1080p resolution, and even performs well at 1440p High at 60 FPS. The 1080 and 1080ti are really only there for those who want 1440p at Ultra with framerates above 60, and the 1080Ti even begins to start treading the 4K 60fps waters.
RAM capacity? General Gamers will want 16 GB, but if you do Streaming or other productivity tasks while Gaming, you'll want 32 GB.
Storage? At least 1 SSD to put your OS and any games you play super often on. The rest of it can be on a larger HDD. There's a 5TB Toshiba drive that i've been eyeing for Christmas that is about 150 USD.
So, what would this cost you? Well, i'll tally up 2 builds and give you rough prices for both a Ryzen build and an Intel build that would do 1080p gaming at Ultra 144fps, and then if you want something different I can tweak it up or down.
Build 1: Ryzen
PCPartPicker part list /
Price breakdown by merchant
CPU: AMD - Ryzen 5 1600X 3.6GHz 6-Core Processor ($199.99 @ Amazon)
CPU Cooler: CRYORIG - H7 49.0 CFM CPU Cooler ($28.90 @ Newegg Marketplace)
Motherboard: ASRock - AB350 Pro4 ATX AM4 Motherboard ($54.99 @ Newegg)
Memory: G.Skill - Trident Z 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR4-3200 Memory ($144.99 @ Newegg)
Storage: Samsung - 850 EVO-Series 250GB 2.5" Solid State Drive ($89.99 @ B&H)
Storage: Seagate - Barracuda 3TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive ($69.09 @ Newegg Marketplace)
Video Card: Zotac - GeForce GTX 1070 Ti 8GB AMP Edition Video Card ($468.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Case: Fractal Design - Focus G (Black) ATX Mid Tower Case ($39.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Power Supply: EVGA - SuperNOVA G2 650W 80+ Gold Certified Fully-Modular ATX Power Supply ($69.99 @ B&H)
Total: $1166.92
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-11-24 13:53 EST-0500
The reason for the 1070Ti is because Black Friday Sales are going on right now, and they are at a great price compared to their 1070 bretheren. Also, the 1070Ti is about 3 - 6 FPS higher in most titles compared to the 1070.
Build 2: Intel Core i5
PCPartPicker part list /
Price breakdown by merchant
CPU: Intel - Core i5-8600K 3.6GHz 6-Core Processor ($295.99 @ B&H)
CPU Cooler: Corsair - H60 54.0 CFM Liquid CPU Cooler ($49.99 @ Amazon)
Motherboard: MSI - Z370-A PRO ATX LGA1151 Motherboard ($101.98 @ Newegg)
Memory: G.Skill - Ripjaws V Series 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR4-2800 Memory ($139.99 @ Newegg)
Storage: Samsung - 850 EVO-Series 250GB 2.5" Solid State Drive ($89.99 @ B&H)
Storage: Seagate - Barracuda 3TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive ($69.09 @ Newegg Marketplace)
Video Card: Zotac - GeForce GTX 1070 Ti 8GB AMP Edition Video Card ($468.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Case: Fractal Design - Focus G (Black) ATX Mid Tower Case ($39.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Power Supply: EVGA - SuperNOVA G2 650W 80+ Gold Certified Fully-Modular ATX Power Supply ($69.99 @ B&H)
Total: $1326.00
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-11-24 13:57 EST-0500
I threw in a Liquid Cooler onto this build because the latest Intel CPU's have some questionable thermals on Air sometimes. And, that cooler is on a really good sale right now at the time of this post.
My personal recommendation? I'd get the Ryzen build if you want flexibility to Stream later on, but if you just care about raw gaming performance, the i5 build is really powerful with a decent overclock.